Developer Reference

Common Timestamp and Epoch Reference

Published September 8, 2026

Key reference points for Unix time. For the full explanation, see What Is a Unix Timestamp?.

Timestamp Date (UTC)
0 January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 (the Unix epoch)
1,000,000,000 September 9, 2001
2,000,000,000 May 18, 2033
2,147,483,647 January 19, 2038 (32-bit signed integer overflow)

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Frequently Asked Questions

Why does Unix time start at 1970?

January 1, 1970 was chosen as an arbitrary but convenient epoch when Unix was developed, and it’s stuck as the standard reference point ever since.

What is the “Year 2038 problem”?

Systems that store Unix time as a signed 32-bit integer will overflow on January 19, 2038, wrapping to a negative number. Systems using 64-bit integers don’t have this limit.

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